Main characteristics of tomatoes for open ground
Industrial cultivation of tomatoes began at the end of the 19th century and since then the berries have been valued for their beneficial properties and taste diversity. The area under this fruit occupies a leading position in the world market. The vegetable is grown not only in fields and greenhouse complexes, but is also successfully cultivated in garden plots and dachas in open ground conditions.
Plants intended for growing in unprotected conditions must be able to withstand changes in temperature and moisture, have a stem that can withstand wind, mechanical processing, and be resistant to diseases and pests. That is why almost all varieties bred for cultivation without protection are intended for commercial production. Today we will introduce you to the most productive open ground tomatoes.
Main characteristics of industrial grades:
- precocity,
- friendly maturation,
- short stature.
Low growth is an important indicator, since such plants are much easier to care for and can be covered with light shelter when the weather gets slightly colder.
A special place in summer cottages is occupied by miniature plants, which combine decorativeness and productivity. The seeds of such tomatoes are sown twice a season - in early March and in May. In the latter case, the plant will bear fruit until the end of October.
Tomato No. 1 Early variety
On average, tomatoes of early varieties ripen 90-100 days after germination. Sometimes there are varieties and hybrids that produce a harvest in 75-79 days! Add to this time a week for the appearance of the first shoots and you can determine the sowing time.
These are usually super-determinate tomatoes with small and not very sweet fruits. The low sugar content in the pulp is explained by the fact that these tomatoes grow in short daylight conditions.
Variety Alpha
An early ripening variety of Russian selection.
Recommended for growing in open ground. Cold-resistant, unpretentious in care, resistant to the vagaries of weather.
Ripening period is 85-95 days. The yield is high, 2-4 kg of fruit per bush.
The plant is compact, medium-leafed, super-determinate (grows up to 45-55 cm tall), standard type, requires the removal of a few stepsons from the lower part of the stem. The variety is resistant to late blight and most other fungal and viral diseases.
The fruits are round, slightly flattened, red, weighing 50-70 g, set together, and ripen simultaneously. The pulp is juicy, tasty, sweet, of moderate density, few seeds.
The tomato is recommended for fresh consumption. Not intended for long-term storage and long-term transportation.
Other varieties and hybrids of the best early ripening tomatoes: Cherry Flow F1, Boni MM, Bobcat F1, Spring Drops, Marisha, Aurora F1, Betta, Parodist, Big Mommy, Lark, Children's Sweetness, Aphrodite, Explosion, Golden Flow F1, Summer Resident, Zephyr in chocolate, Garden Pearl.
- Early varieties of tomatoes for open ground - photos, descriptions and reviews from summer residents
Do you want to quickly get your first harvest of juicy tomatoes without a greenhouse? Study our material with the characteristics of varieties!
- Early tomatoes: how to get a harvest in June
Secrets of growing early-ripening tomatoes for keen gardeners.
Criteria for choosing the right variety of tomatoes for the garden
Every summer resident wants to have the best varieties of tomatoes for open ground in his garden. We have already said that vegetables are classified into six categories:
- Ripening period : early ripening (85-105 days from emergence);
- average ripening period (105-120 days from emergence);
- late (120-140 days from emergence).
- salad;
- bush;
- red;
- round;
- large-fruited tomatoes –0.5-1 kg;
If you look at all the classification criteria, the most important for open ground varieties (hybrids) are early maturity and height. In second place I put the purpose (in salad or for preparations), the taste of the fruit. The remaining indicators will be secondary.
On a note ! If you have found the top best varieties, then this selection is formal, because each of them behaves differently depending on the conditions of the year, the natural growing area, soil, cultivation, and care. “Your” plant can be found after several years of experimentation.
For regions with short summers, tomatoes with an ultra-short ripening period that are resistant to low temperatures and diseases are most suitable.
Do not believe that the variety is frost-resistant. The tomato comes from the tropics of America. It does not tolerate frost, but some selected tomato hybrids can tolerate short-term frosts (not frost). At this time, there is no variety (hybrid) of tomatoes that could form an ovary at temperatures below 10ºC.
Sarajevo tomatoes: a remarkable heritage
Frost-resistant varieties allow you to plant seedlings much earlier than usual and, accordingly, get a harvest earlier. And the use of film coverings accelerates ripening and significantly increases yield. However, speaking about the resistance of Sarajevo varieties to frost, you should know that this is only possible with low humidity (dry air) and windless weather. For a long time, vegetable scientists have recommended evening and night watering as an effective remedy against frost. Similar recommendations are found in the literature even now, but this opinion is erroneous. Everyone knows that in wet clothes a person is much colder, especially in the wind. Evaporation causes the liquid to cool, and with it, the body to cool. Hypothermia can occur even at above-zero temperatures if the humidity is high. A wet surface gives off four times more heat than a dry surface. Gardeners should definitely take into account two main factors when planting seedlings in early spring: humidity and wind. After planting, the seedlings should be watered once, and not done again until the threat of frost has passed. In the period after planting seedlings, until they take root, plants have reduced resistance to cold, so seedlings should be planted with minimal damage to the root system (for example, in pots) so that the survival period is minimal. When growing seedlings, it is necessary to periodically expose them, from the moment of emergence of seedlings, to negative night temperatures, starting hardening from a few minutes and increasing it to several hours. When planting in the ground, it is necessary to protect the seedlings from the wind with any available material. The most frost-resistant: • Spiridonovsky. Low-growing, standard, early ripening. The fruits are medium-sized, up to 60 g, red in color, suitable for canning. From germination to the beginning of ripening, under favorable conditions, 80-90 days pass. Resistance to low temperatures was confirmed by the Institute of Biology of the Karelian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. When testing seedlings at a young age, it withstood four frosts down to -14°. • Orenburg resident. Low-growing, standard. The fruits are red, weighing 80-100 g, good taste, universal purpose. Withstood three frosts in succession: -5°, -7°, -10°. • Kemerovo. Short. The fruits are pink, weighing up to 100 g, of high commercial and taste quality, universal purpose. Withstood frosts of -7°, -10°, -13°. . Medium height. The fruits are large, up to 200 g, flat-round, red. The beginning of ripening is mid-July, the yield per bush is more than 6 kg. During testing, it withstood two frosts of -9° and one -7°. • Steppe 50. Medium height. The fruits are red, weighing 30-50 g, round, smooth, universal purpose. Tolerates temperature fluctuations well. Withstood five frosts down to -10°. . Medium-sized, very early, in favorable years the fruits ripen at the end of June. High-yielding. The fruits are flat-round, red, weighing up to 100-200 g. During testing, it withstood five frosts from -6° to -11°. • Siberian. Medium height. The fruits are flat-round, red, large, fleshy, and of high taste. The variety is very productive. During testing, it withstood seven frosts down to -10°. • Lemon. Tall, late ripening. The fruits correspond to their name in shape and color, weighing 70-80 g, hanging in huge clusters, very productive. The fruits are fleshy, store well, and are suitable for canning. Withstood three frosts of -10°. . Tall, late ripening. The fruits are very beautifully shaped and in good presentation. Weighing up to 200-300 g, fleshy, excellent taste, well stored. Tests: one frost -3°, two -10°. In addition to the Sarajevo varieties, I have a very good collection of giant plants. Crops such as strawberries, peppers, tomatoes and other vegetables reach their maximum size with special agricultural technology, although they evoke admiration and respect even with conventional ones. • Strawberries are a miracle that I have never seen before; the berries of this remontant variety of garden strawberries can reach incredible sizes. Very tasty, with juicy and dense flesh, they, like the Moscow delicacy, begin to ripen two weeks earlier than other varieties. And the berries are much larger - up to 50 g. If you cover the strawberries with film in the fall, you can enjoy the berries until the end of November. • Tomato. The fruits are bright red, flat-round, multi-chambered. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, with a high sugar content, and has an amazing taste. With proper care and normalization of the number of ovaries in the cluster, you can grow record fruits up to 2 kg! The plant is vigorous and indeterminate. The fruits ripen in 130-140 days. The juice from them is very thick, boils well and quickly to the consistency of a paste, and from one fruit you can make a salad for the whole family. • Sweet pepper. Without much additional effort, our giants grow to be more than 23 cm long! The fruits are very sweet, with juicy, fleshy walls 0.8-1 cm thick, individual ones reach a weight of 700 g. One pepper is enough for a large salad! High yield guaranteed. They do not fit entirely into jars, but they are very quick and convenient to stuff. This variety needs to be planted less often than the usual one, since the plant reaches a height of 1 m or more. Productivity is more than a bucket from one bush. Stepping does not affect the yield. I have onions, which can only be called a miracle. This is the largest of the onions - up to 3.5 kg! Due to its exceptional qualities - delicious, delicate, sweet taste, lack of a sharp onion smell - it is excellent in salads. To obtain selected, large bulbs, I grow them through seedlings. The pride of my collection is a giant sunflower at least 3 m high, the diameter of the basket is more than 60 cm. The seeds are large, pot-bellied, silver-gray in color, sweet, with a high oil content. The shell is soft - gnawing on them in your free time is a pleasure. These giants make an exceptional, prominent hedge. This sunflower also serves as a good support for long-climbing cucumbers and small melons and beans.
- Author: Pavel
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Tomato No. 2 Mid-season variety
The ripening time for the fruits of mid-season tomatoes is 100-115 days after emergence. To ripen, these tomatoes require much more sunlight than early varieties. Most varieties of this group can be grown both in greenhouses and in open ground.
Hybrid Date yellow F1
Mid-late hybrid of Russian selection.
Suitable for growing in greenhouses and open ground.
The plant is a semi-determinate type. A bush of medium strength, about 1 m high, sparsely leafy (leaves of the usual type, green). Requires pinching and tying to a support; it is better to form 3-4 stems.
The hybrid is resistant to major pests and diseases of tomatoes (especially late blight), tolerates heat well, and is frost-resistant. The yield is excellent, fruiting is very extended.
The cream fruits are small in size (about 20 g), bright yellow when ripe, elongated oval in shape, with glossy skin and fleshy pulp. Not prone to cracking, homogeneous. 6-8 berries ripen in bunches. The taste is excellent, sweet, the aroma is weak.
The tomato has a long shelf life and excellent transportability. The purpose is universal.
Other varieties and hybrids of the best mid-ripening tomatoes: Eagle's Beak, Budenovka, Pink Paradise F1, Koenigsberg, Kostroma F1, Pink Giant, Siberian Miracle, Uhazher, Star of Siberia F1, French Bunch, Monomakh's Cap, Golden Domes, Lord of the Steppes F1.
Tomato No. 3 Late variety
Tomatoes in this group require 120-130 days to ripen; it is most convenient to grow them in a greenhouse so as not to lose fruit due to frost.
Variety Bull's heart
Late variety of Italian selection.
Recommended for growing in open ground and in greenhouses. Requires mandatory preventive treatment against diseases.
Ripening period is 120-130 days. The yield is high, up to 5 kg of fruits per bush in the OG and up to 10 kg in the SG.
The plant is determinate (about 1.5 m), spreading, powerful, with few leaves, needs staking and pinching. Disease resistance is average.
In simple clusters there are 4-5 fruits. The fruits are heart-shaped or irregular in shape (they can be different on the same plant), often ribbed, bright red in color, with thin skin and fleshy dense pulp, weighing 150-500 g. On the bush, large specimens are located closer to the ground, smaller ones - in the top parts of the stem. The taste is bright and sweet.
Recommended for fresh consumption. Transportability and keeping quality are good.
The tomato variety Bull's Heart has a large number of F1 hybrid analogues of the same name. They are very similar in characteristics to the original variety, but differ in color - they can be raspberry, lemon, pink, almost black.
Other varieties and hybrids of the best late-ripening tomatoes: Ladies' man, Vladimir F1, De Barao late, Titan, Date, Rocket, Finish.
Super-yielding low-growing tomatoes
It is necessary to choose from a huge number of seeds super-yielding varieties of tomatoes for open ground. From a small plot at minimal cost you can get good yields.
Yamal
The standard low-growing (35 cm) variety Yamal shows good yield. 10 kg of tomatoes are harvested per square meter. This is an excellent indicator for a low-growing variety. Variety value:
- super cold resistance;
- resistance to heat, drought;
- Propagated by sowing seeds in the ground and by seedlings.
Ivanovich
An excellent productive variety with determinate bushes. The height of the densely leafy bushes is 90 cm. 20 kg of medium-sized round fruits are collected per square meter. The maximum weight of one tomato does not exceed 200 g.
The fruits are pink, universal, and tolerate transportation well. Ivanych tomatoes are used to make marinades and light summer salads. Valuable qualities:
- transportability is excellent;
- good quality taste;
- immunity to TMV, Fusarium, Alternaria.
Pink miracle
The pink miracle amazes with its productivity. Up to 19 kg of medium-sized pink fruits are collected per square meter. The weight of the fruit does not exceed 110 g. The tomato is a racemose; 6-7 pink fruits are formed in the cluster.
Any gourmet will like the pulp with its dense structure and good taste. Super early tomatoes Pink Miracle have a number of advantages:
- immunity to most diseases;
- early ripening (82-85 days);
- high yield.
